Taking a Look at Genetic Engineering - 1007 Words

Genetic Engineering With the breakthrough of scientific discoveries in recent decades, humans have attained progressively more power over Mother Nature. Specifically, genetic engineering has allowed for the modification of the genetic makeup of humans. While the power to modify genes sounds great and many possibilities, it also burdens mankind with many ethical issues. Although genetic engineering in humans is acceptable under some circumstances it is unacceptable and unethical in others. On the flip side of the story, there are many ways in which this new technology in genetically altering the human genome can be abused. Genetic engineering could potentially allow parents to select and â€Å"fix† several features of the fetus. For instance, parents of the future may be able to decide the sex of their baby. Further, they may be able to make their child more athletic, intelligent, and beautiful, and further have an influence on the baby’s personality. Genetically alterin g a baby for these reasons has its obvious arguments. First, is altering a baby for these reasons absolutely necessary? Yes, a couple could give birth to a beautiful tri-athlete child with a 4.0 GPA. However, diversity is what makes life interesting. Furthermore, everyone ends up with his or her own strengths and weaknesses. Thus, just because some child is not a star athlete does not mean that he or she is a failure. They will contribute to society in their own distinct way as their discrete interests guideShow MoreRelatedGenetic Engineering And Its Effects1592 Words   |  7 Pagesimproving their bodies by changing the cells in your body. Genetic engineering can also prevent long-time diseases from continuing in a family and help treat many illnesses. Though it can help many issues, it brings up many problems if used improperly and often abused. Genetic engineering harbors more moral and ethical issues than having beneficial effects; however, the positive uses in specific situati ons should be acknowledged. Genetic history has been around for over a century now and began whenRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Genetic Modification1518 Words   |  7 Pageswrite my paper about Genetic engineering also known as genetic modification. In a nutshell genetic engineering is the modification of an organism s genetic composition by artificial means, often involving the transfer of specific traits, or genes, from one organism into a plant or animal of an entirely different species. This topic has been researched for decades but still has quite some time to be fully mastered in all possible circumstances. When I think of genetic engineering I think of differentRead MoreGenetic Engineering And Its Effects974 Words   |  4 Pagesprocess called genetic engineering. What is this you ask? Genetic engineering is altering a person’s genes to get a more dominate trait. Some people believe that our world would better off if humans could be more intelligent, run faster, grow taller, and have more of a designer personality and physical appearance. For example, if a pregnant mother finds out her child is going to have Down Syndrome, genetic engineering canbe used to help fix the mutated gene. Although genetic engineering can fix minorRead More Human Genetic Engineering Essay1521 Words   |  7 Pagesthreatening diseases, make sure that your child is not susceptible to smoking addictions or alcoholism, and then make your child genius? Would you? Are you asking yourself how this could be done? Have you ever considered human genetic engineering? What is Human Genetic Engineering? Lets start by looking at the cell and the source of heritable traits. We know that all organisms are made up by cells and that new cells can only spring from existing cells. Cell growth depends upon the production of newRead MoreDesigner Babies: What is Ethical? Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Ethical? Imagine a parent walking into what looks like a conference room. A sheet of paper waits on a table with numerous questions many people wish they had control over. Options such as hair color, skin color, personality traits and other physical appearances are mapped out across the page. When the questions are filled out, a baby appears as he or she was described moments before. The baby is the picture of health, and looks perfect in every way. This scenario seems only to existRead MoreEssay about Human Genetic Engineering1542 Words   |  7 Pagesthreatening diseases, make sure that your child is not susceptible to smoking addictions or alcoholism, and then make your child genius? Would you? Are you asking yourself how this could be done? Have you ever considered human genetic engineering? What is Human Genetic Engineering? Lets start by looking at the cell and the source of heritable traits. We know that all organisms are made up by cells and that new cells can only spring from existing cells. Cell growth depends upon the production ofRead MorePros and Cons of Genetic Engineering Essay1733 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many benefits of genetic engineering, but there are many risks too. Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of genetic material in order to alter the hereditary traits of a cell, organism, or population. Basically, scientists take DNA of one product and put it into another product to get a mixture of traits from both products. It’s like breeding different breeds of dogs to get a certain look or personality. Some people don’t mind what goes into genetically altered foods, while othersRead MoreThe Ethics Of Genetic Engineering1639 Words   |  7 PagesGenetic engineering has to do with manipulating organisms and DNA to create body characteristics. The practice of genetic DNA has shown an increasing amount over the past years. The process of genetic enhancement involves manipulating organisms by using biotechnologies. The technique is by removing a DNA from one life form and transferring it to another set of traits or organism. Certain barriers are conquered, and the procedure involves changing a form of cells, resulting from an improvement orRead MoreGenetic Evolution : Biological Evolution Essay1152 Words   |  5 Pagesprinciples are rather quite simple. This paper will go over both simple and more complex ideas such as Darwin s theory of evolution, natural selection, specific topics about development of embryos and genetic variation between plants and animals. Finally this paper will touch on gene therapy and, genetic engineering. Darwinism, or Darwin’s theory of evolution mentions that a species evolves through natural selection. So, how does it work? Prehistoric sharks are a perfect example of advancing natural selectionRead MoreIs Genetic Engineering Be A Rising Controversial Issue?1407 Words   |  6 PagesGenetic engineering has become a rising controversial issue in the world today because of its possible positive uses but further more its likely serious consequences and downsides. To understand the controversy we must first understand exactly what human genetic engineering is. Genetic engineering is the manipulation of the human genome to alter or get rid of undesirable genes; these include negative physical traits along with health related genetic problems such as disease and disability. Potentially

Comparing Feminist Poetry by Plath and Sexton Essay

Comparing Feminist Poetry by Plath and Sexton Poetry should be a shock to the senses. It should also hurt Anne Sexton believed (Baym 2703), and evidence of this maxims implications echoes loudly through the writing of Sexton as well as through the work of her friend and contemporary Sylvia Plath. Plath and Sextons lifetimes spanned a period of remarkable change in the social role of women in America, and both are obviously feminist poets caught somewhere between the submissive pasts of their mothers and the liberated futures awaiting their daughters. With few established female poets to emulate, Plath and Sexton broke new ground with their intensely personal, confessional poetry. Their anger and frustration with female†¦show more content†¦However, Plath uses her fathers German ancestry, as well as ideas about womens relationships with their fathers and husbands, to broaden the poems significance beyond the scope of her own experience. Plath herself said that the poem related to the Electra complex, defined by The World Book Medical Encyclopedia as a Freudian theory about a young girls possessive but repressed love for her father (Electra Complex - online). The child narrating Daddy, in a youthful, Kipling-like rhythm, is haunted by her fathers monumental presence in her world, calling him marble-heavy, a bag full of God (Plath 2748). Both the poems childlike cadence and the innocent description of a father still the center of a young girls universe make it easy to re-experience a youthful yearning for parental approval. When the father in the poem dies, the young girl spends much of her life searching for a way to understand and get close to him despite his absence. She inquires about the town where he grew up, but finds that [...] the name of the town is common. / My Polack friend / Says there are a dozen or two. / So I never could tell where you / Put your foot, your root, / I never could talk to you (Plath 2748). Later, her search for herShow MoreRelatedSylvia Plath and Anne Sexton1240 Words   |  5 Pages Sylvia Plath (1932-1963) and Anne Sexton (1928-1974) both explored similar themes such as tone, structure, and symbolism. Many of their poems were cries for help, which resulted into metal illness, depression, and suicide. In 1958, Anne Sexton and Sylvia Plath met, and much to their surprise had a few things in common. They both were fascinated with death and suicide. Both Sexton’s and Plath’s poetry are considered as confessional poetry in which they were very honest, depressed

Digital Fortress Chapter 16 Free Essays

â€Å"A ring?† Susan looked doubtful. â€Å"Tankado’s missing a ring?† â€Å"Yes. We’re lucky David caught it. We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Fortress Chapter 16 or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was a real heads-up play.† â€Å"But you’re after a pass-key, not jewelry.† â€Å"I know,† Strathmore said, â€Å"but I think they might be one and the same.† Susan looked lost. â€Å"It’s a long story.† She motioned to the tracer on her screen. â€Å"I’m not going anywhere.† Strathmore sighed heavily and began pacing. â€Å"Apparently, there were witnesses to Tankado’s death. According to the officer at the morgue, a Canadian tourist called the Guardia this morning in a panic-he said a Japanese man was having a heart attack in the park. When the officer arrived, he found Tankado dead and the Canadian there with him, so he radioed the paramedics. While the paramedics took Tankado’s body to the morgue, the officer tried to get the Canadian to tell him what happened. All the old guy did was babble about some ring Tankado had given away right before he died.† Susan eyed him skeptically. â€Å"Tankado gave away a ring?† â€Å"Yeah. Apparently he forced it in this old guy’s face-like he was begging him to take it. Sounds like the old guy got a close look at it.† Strathmore stopped pacing and turned. â€Å"He said the ring was engraved-with some sort of lettering.† â€Å"Lettering?† â€Å"Yes, and according to him, it wasn’t English.† Strathmore raised his eyebrows expectantly. â€Å"Japanese?† Strathmore shook his head. â€Å"My first thought too. But get this-the Canadian complained that the letters didn’t spell anything. Japanese characters could never be confused with our Roman lettering. He said the engraving looked like a cat had gotten loose on a typewriter.† Susan laughed. â€Å"Commander, you don’t really think-â€Å" Strathmore cut her off. â€Å"Susan, it’s crystal clear. Tankado engraved the Digital Fortress pass-key on his ring. Gold is durable. Whether he’s sleeping, showering, eating-the pass-key would always be with him, ready at a moment’s notice for instant publication.† Susan looked dubious. â€Å"On his finger? In the open like that?† â€Å"Why not? Spain isn’t exactly the encryption capital of the world. Nobody would have any idea what the letters meant. Besides, if the key is a standard sixty-four-bit-even in broad daylight, nobody could possibly read and memorize all sixty-four characters.† Susan looked perplexed. â€Å"And Tankado gave this ring to a total stranger moments before he died? Why?† Strathmore’s gaze narrowed. â€Å"Why do you think?† It took Susan only a moment before it clicked. Her eyes widened. Strathmore nodded. â€Å"Tankado was trying to get rid of it. He thought we’d killed him. He felt himself dying and logically assumed we were responsible. The timing was too coincidental. He figured we’d gotten to him, poison or something, a slow-acting cardiac arrestor. He knew the only way we’d dare kill him is if we’d found North Dakota.† Susan felt a chill. â€Å"Of course,† she whispered. â€Å"Tankado thought that we neutralized his insurance policy so we could remove him too.† It was all coming clear to Susan. The timing of the heart attack was so fortunate for the NSA that Tankado had assumed the NSA was responsible. His final instinct was revenge. Ensei gave away his ring as a last-ditch effort to publish the pass-key. Now, incredibly, some unsuspecting Canadian tourist held the key to the most powerful encryption algorithm in history. Susan sucked in a deep breath and asked the inevitable question. â€Å"So where is the Canadian now?† Strathmore frowned. â€Å"That’s the problem.† â€Å"The officer doesn’t know where he is?† â€Å"No. The Canadian’s story was so absurd that the officer figured he was either in shock or senile. So he put the old guy on the back of his motorcycle to take him back to his hotel. But the Canadian didn’t know enough to hang on; he fell off before they’d gone three feet-cracked his head and broke his wrist.† â€Å"What!† Susan choked. â€Å"The officer wanted to take him to a hospital, but the Canadian was furious-said he’d walk back to Canada before he’d get on the motorcycle again. So all the officer could do was walk him to a small public clinic near the park. He left him there to get checked out.† Susan frowned. â€Å"I assume there’s no need to ask where David is headed.† How to cite Digital Fortress Chapter 16, Essay examples

College International And Comparative Law †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The College International And Comparative Law? Answer: Introducation There are a number of business structures which can be followed by the prospective business runners in the nation. Amongst these, the key one is a company form of business structure, which has perpetual succession, unlimited liability, can raise funds from public and has a complex setting up process (Australian Government, 2016). The Corporations Act, 2001 (Cth) is the governing act in Australia, which covers different provisions including the incorporation and registration of the companies. When an individual makes a decision to go forward with a company sort of business structure, the very first decision which has to be made relates to which type of company one needs to opt for. This is because under section 112 of this act, an individual could opt for either a proprietary company or a public company. These two are further divided, where a proprietary company can be either limited by shares or be unlimited with share capital. On the other hand, a public company can also have these two forms, along with being a no liability company and limited by shares (Australian Government, 2017). A key difference between the two types of companies can be inferred from the fact that the public companies can raise shares from general public, but the proprietary companies can only raise shares from their acquaintances, friends and families, and not from the general public (Australian Institute of Company Directors, 2016). Once the decision on the type of the company has been undertaken, the individuals have to make a decision on the name of the company. The availability of a particular name of the company can be checked online. Under section 147 of Corporations Act, the companies can freely chose any name, so long as it does not clash with the name of an existing company as a per-existing name cannot be given to another company. The rationale behind this is that on the basis of the name of the company, the company can sue or be sued by others. Under section 148, the requirement is given that the name of the company to be formed can be selected on the basis of availability or on the basis of the ACN of the company, which stands for the Australian Company Number (Australian Government, 2017). The companys name shows the kind of company it is as the name is affixed with certain terms denoting the same. So, for a company having no liability, the words No Liability would be stated at the end, and for the limited company, the term would be Limited at the end of the company name (Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, 2016). Once the name of the company has been shortlisted, section 152 requires an application to be made to the Australian Securities and Investments Commission, or short for ASIC, so that this particular elected name can be reserved (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017). Section 117 of this act provides that the application which is submitted to ASIC should have certain details like the name and details of the members, the address of the registered office of the company, the share details, and the like (Australian Government, 2017). Upon the ASIC being satisfied that the required items are covered under the application, pursuant to section 118 of this act, the ASIC provides the company with the ACN and the company is registered pursuant to which a certificate is issued in which the name, the type and the ACN is covered. And section 119 provides that the day on which the company is registered, becomes the day of its inception. And till the company is de-registered, the company exists (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017). The next decision relates to the choice between constitution and replaceable rules. Replaceable rules are covered under section 141 of this act and are applicable on certain specified provisions only. Hence, mostly, a constitution is opted, which is covered under section 136 of this act. The constitution can be adopted before or after the company is registered. But where it is adopted afterwards, there is a need for a written agreement to be formed which states that a constitution is being adopted and there is also a need of special resolution (ASIC, 2017a). When the application is filed with ASIC, section 117 dictates that the application needs to clearly specify between which two of the governing instrument is being adopted. Once the company is incorporated, the affairs of the business can be initiated. Further, there is a need to follow all the key statutory instruments which apply on the company. The name of the company is to be clearly stated on all its communication documents, along with the ACN. Lastly, the details of the company always have to be kept updated (ASIC, 2017b). Application In the rules segment, the process of incorporation and registration of the company has been stated which needs to be followed by Richard and his two sons when they want to convert their family business in the company form of business structure. Apart from this, they need to make a decision upon what the name of the company would be, along with the type of company. As the need is of raising money from general public, the public type of company, which is limited by shares, should be opted. For the name part, whichever of the two names is available should be adopted. There is an option of keeping both names, where one could be the name of the company and the other could be the name of the business. Lastly, there is a need to choose between constitution and replaceable rules. As replaceable rules are deemed as restrictive, they should opt for a constitution formed before the incorporation of the company. Hence, it can be concluded that Richard and his two sons have to follows the procedure laid down in the rules segment; and for the dispute regarding the name of the company, they have to mutually reach a resolution. Lastly, for their needs, a public company limited by shares and ruled by constitution needs to be adopted. Amongst the different torts in Australia, is the key tort of negligence. Under negligence, party X owes a duty of care to party Y, where the actions of X have the capability of injuring/ harming party Y and where the injury/ loss is foreseeable in a rationale manner (Trindade, Cane and Lunney, 2007). When such a duty is breached, the aggrieved party can apply for remedies in form of damages (Latimer, 2012). The company form of business structure has a unique characteristic of being a separate artificial legal person, whereby they are treated in a separate manner from the ones who run the affairs of the company. This means that for the actions of the directors and the management, the company cannot be made accountable. However, a key exception to this can be found in the piercing of corporate veil whereby the courts, in just cases, can pierce the veil of corporate as is held by the entity, and make the ones running the business off the company, liable for the undertake actions (Vanderkerckhove, 2007). Hence, where a company has been created just for evading the liabilities of the old company, the incorporation of the new company is deemed as a facade or sham. And in such cases, the corporate veil of the new company is pierced and the old company is held accountable for their negligence (Cheng, 2011). For further explaining this, reference needs to be made to Creasey v Breachwood Motors Ltd [1993] BCLC 480; 10 ACLC 3,052 in which a new company was formed to evade the liabilities of the old company arising from the wrongful dismissal of the old companys employee. And so, the court held that in the interest of justice, it was necessary to pierce the corporate veil. And ultimately, the new company was made liable for the money to be paid for the wrongful dismissal (French, Ryan and Mason, 2016). In this case, the company Lazarus Pty Ltd had been incorporated so that the liabilities of GMS could be avoided. The liabilities of CMS were raised as a result of the employees and the residents of a particular area getting cancer as they had been negligent in their work. Applying the case of Creasey, the new company here would be made liable. Hence, Lazarus Pty Ltd would be required to pay the liabilities of CMS arising out of their negligence. It has already been stated that the companies have a separate legal entity status in the nation as per which, the subsidiary and its holding company are deemed as two separate entities. Though, in cases where such circumstances are present which make the court uphold justice and fairness, the court would pierce the corporate veil and set aside the separate legal entity status (Wibberley and Gioia, 2017). Where the companys conduct is against the law, again the corporate veil would be pierced and the ones responsible would be made accountable for the debts owed by company (Rudorfer, 2009). In the leading matter of CSR Ltd v Young [1998] Aust Tort Reports 81-468, the parent companys position was held as being similar to the position of the subsidiary company. And owing to the strong control of the parent company over subsidiaries actions, the holding company was made liable (Anderson, 2008). In another matter of Smith, Stone Knight Ltd v Birmingham Corp [1939] 4 All ER 116, the veil was pierced due to the subsidiary being an implied agent of the holding company. In this case, the business of the subsidiary was being carried only for the purpose of holding company. Hence, the holding company was required to compensate for the liabilities arising out of subsidiarys business (Swarb, 2016). It is very clear from the case study that CMS is subsidiary and CM is holding/ parent company. The control of CM over CMS is clear from the leasing charges being paid to CMS, which were 10% more than the normal rates. And based on CSR Ltd case, CM would be made liable. Also, the work of CMS was being done for CM only. So, based on Smith, the corporate veil will be pierced and CM would be accountable for CMSs negligence. For making a case of negligence, there is a need to show the presence of obligation of care, its violation, resulting harm or loss, foreseeability, remotes and direct causation (Kelly, Hammer and Hendy, 2014). In this regard, the Snail in Bottle case, i.e., Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] UKHL 100 proves to be of help. In this case, as a result of the dead snail, the ginger beer bottle was contaminated, which caused Ds sickness and for which she claimed compensation from S. The Court held that the required elements of negligence were present due to which S had to compensate D for her illness as a result of present negligence (British and Irish Legal Information Institute, 2017). The case study shows that CM owed an obligation of care towards the residents of that area and towards its employees, as people getting cancer from mining activities is a reasonably foreseeable harm. Further the proximity between the parties gave rise to the presence of obligation of care. Hence, based on Donoghue, CM would be required to compensate the residents and the employees for the negligence. Conclusion Hence, it becomes very clear that damages would be awarded to Terry for claims raised by her against the three parties. References Anderson, H. (2008) Directors Liability for Unpaid Employee Entitlements: Suggestions for Reform Based on their Liabilities for Unremitted Taxes. Sydney Law Review, 30 (470), pp. 478. ASIC. (2017a) Constitution and replaceable rules. [Online] ASIC. Available from: https://asic.gov.au/for-business/starting-a-company/constitution-and-replaceable-rules/ [Accessed on: 26/09/17] ASIC. (2017b) Starting a company - How to start a company. [Online] ASIC. Available from: https://asic.gov.au/for-business/starting-a-company/how-to-start-a-company/ [Accessed on: 26/09/17] Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2017) Corporations Act 2001. [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.companydirectors.com.au/director-resource-centre/organisation-type/organisation-definitions [Accessed on: 26/09/17] Australian Government. (2016) Business structure. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.business.gov.au/info/plan-and-start/start-your-business/business-structure [Accessed on: 26/09/17] Australian Government. (2017) Corporations Act 2001. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00605 [Accessed on: 26/09/17] Australian Institute of Company Directors. (2016) Organisation definitions. [Online] Australian Institute of Company Directors. Available from: https://www.companydirectors.com.au/director-resource-centre/organisation-type/organisation-definitions [Accessed on: 26/09/17] British and Irish Legal Information Institute. (2017) Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] UKHL 100 (26 May 1932). [Online] British and Irish Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKHL/1932/100.html [Accessed on: 26/09/17] Cheng, T. (2011) The Corporate Veil Doctrine Revisited: A Comparative Study of the English and the U.S. Corporate Veil Doctrines. Boston College International and Comparative Law Review, 34(2), pp. 329- 412. Department of Industry, Innovation and Science. (2016) Register your company. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.business.gov.au/info/plan-and-start/start-your-business/business-and-company-registration/register-your-company [Accessed on: 26/09/17] French, D., Ryan, C., and Mason, S. (2016) Mayson, French and Ryan on Company Law. 33rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 140. Kelly, D., Hammer, R., and Hendy, J. (2014) Business Law. 2nd ed. Oxon: Routledge. Rudorfer, M. (2009) Piercing the Corporate Veil. Norderstedt: GRIN Verlag. Swarb. (2016) Smith, Stone And Knight Limited V Birmingham: 1939. [Online] Swarb. Available from: https://swarb.co.uk/smith-stone-and-knight-limited-v-birmingham-1939/ [Accessed on: 26/09/17] Trindade, F., Cane, P. and Lunney, M. (2007).The law of torts in Australia. 4th ed. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Vanderkerckhove, K. (2007) Piercing the Corporate Veil. Netherlands: Kluwer Law International. Wibberley, J., and Gioia, M.D. (2017) Lifting, Piercing And Sidestepping The Corporate Veil. [Online] Guildhall Chambers. Available from: https://www.guildhallchambers.co.uk/uploadedFiles/PiercingtheCorporate%20Veil.JW,MDG.pdf [Accessed on: 26/09/17]