The Secrets To Good Paragraph Writing

The Secrets To Good Paragraph Writing Look for evocative language that allows you to tie each section of the paper to the thesis without becoming repetitious. Provide transitions between paragraphs that indicate to the reader how each paragraph relates to your thesis. It is not necessary to begin at the beginning; you can start writing wherever you feel relatively confident. You might, for example, begin by defining or explaining terms and concepts in your research question. Once you have done that, move on to another area you feel ready to discuss. Keep asking yourself what your reader will need to know, and write about that. This arises with the question “but why” with the development of your arguments. You also might need to find more supporting evidence to present a more convincing claim. We understand that students may be afraid of ordering online assignments due to the risks of being revealed. Our dedicated writing experts will do their best to have a satisfaction rate. For that reason, the refund requests tend to appear quite rarely, which is partly due to our solid refund guarantee. Every refund request that we receive from our customers is reviewed by our online specialists, as well as considered within the shortest possible period of time. This will also help you get started on writing, since you will have some ideas written down already. Be prepared to go back and research further while you are writing, in order to fill gaps in your arguments. Neither third-parties nor your professor will know that we wrote your essay. Beyond that, we guarantee non-disclosure of all your personal data once you contact us or register with us. It doesn’t matter what kind of problems you may face, since the money back guarantee will protect your interests. You should categorize or code your research according to your different arguments and supporting evidence. Re-formatting your research like this, for example all information from all sources relevant to your first argument are put together , makes it much easier to write. The new version of Adobe Reader lets you highlight and insert text bubbles in PDF files, so you can avoid printing them out or typing out your notes. It is also very important not to procrastinate or put-off writing down your ideas. Reading certain things can trigger-off brainstorming in your head, or a brilliant thought, or a criticism. By now you should have identified the three arguments you find most compelling in defending your thesis. If you have a pretty clear idea about the sequence in which you want to present them, an outline might be most appropriate to you. If you have not yet determined how you'd like to sequence them, mapping might feel more appropriate. At CreativeLive, We are here to help you tell your story and share it with the world. These classes will help you build confidence, improve your writing skills and help you get published. It is your basic argument, demonstrating what you are trying to prove. It should be concise and clear and it should be a statement that someone can disagree with a.k.a. an argument. Build a set of concepts and questions, compare different views and arguments and their relevance and importance to your research. Instead of just listing and summarizing items, assess them, discussing their strengths and weaknesses. As well, be aware of biases in sources, both academic and news media. Need a properly researched, written according to all your requirements and plagiarism-free paper? We use a specially designed plagiarism detection system that runs the completed paper through a database of other academic papers and exposes even the slightest signs of plagiarism. You'll pay your writer only if you like the result. Come up with a conclusion that returns us to the primary thesis of your paper and gives us ideas about where we can take it next.

4 Tips For Essay Writing

4 Tips For Essay Writing This increases the readability of your essay and offers less stress to readers. Your main points and ideas are key items that will drive the interests of your readers. Research is a key process for writing any kind of content. In this case, it delivers to you the perfect knowledge you need to come up with the main ideas and points to keep your readers engaged by crafting that perfect essay. Writing essays can turn out to be a bit of a marathon. In this article, we will talk about the several techniques you can apply to help make your essay perfect as a student. Your main ideas usually go into the body section of your essay. They are meant to denote your argument and convince the reader to agree with you. Through resourceful research, you can gain compelling ideas and better present them to your readers. Below mentioned is the detailed explanation of the structure of an essay. Some people find it hard to translate their ideas into written words, while others just do not know how to begin. This article gives four easy steps to show you how to write an essay. That's why we want to make sure that our services are affordable to students, while being of the highest quality. Revising involves rethinking your ideas, refining your arguments, reorganizing paragraphs, and rewording sentences. You may need to develop your ideas in more detail, give more evidence to support your claims, or delete material that is unnecessary. History of writing has recorded a great number of facts about writing, as it has gone from being practiced by priests in the past to being practiced by students today. Of course, writing is one of the toughest activities students have to face while in school. However, when looking at the case of the economy, it is somewhat one of the most demanded tasks in the world today. Having excellent research skills, avoiding plagiarism, and making your essay stand out from the rest of the students in your class are key things you need to know. An essay is a discussion in response to a question or statement. You do not have to circle a single topic and straightforward argument. Instead, discuss other related factors dealing with the topic and try to be flexible. Sentences in essays are meant to be short, concise, and accurate. Do not get lost in the moment of trying to make your idea heard by using long sentences. Instead, lay them out in a short, simple, and concise manner. The conclusion mainly contains topic sentence rephrased in a concluding manner. This is followed by a brief summary of the topic discussed. Despite a common structuring of the paragraph, every paragraph has a different purpose to serve depending on the type of essay. For more advice on revising and a sample revision, click here. Similarly, you may be asked to write a 5-page paper about volcanoes. Again, since you only have a limited number of pages, you may choose to focus on one particular volcano or one particular eruption, rather than trying to talk about volcanoes in general. In it, you present an argument based on evidence and your analysis of relevant theory and research. Writing good essays is one of the most challenging aspects of studying in the social sciences. Aim for five to seven paragraphs, depending on the essay and level of course you are following. State the main points you will discuss in order to support your answer to the question set in the title of the essay. Brainstorm your ideas on the essay topic to get started. Essays that go off the point with lots of extra detail will get poor marks. You can rest assured that your content is personalized and that you own the rights to the words written. We understand the financial struggle young people face.

Good Essay Writing

Good Essay Writing We both wrote the same number of words, his are just longer so it takes up more pages. That means people who write long words have an advantage even though long words aren’t always good to use. Just because an estimate won’t be exactly right doesn’t mean it isn’t useful. For those who are looking for a basic rough idea, this is helpful. I only need to write 250 words and you don’t have how many pages that is on your list. If you've been given a choice of essay questions, you should choose the one you have the most knowledge about, or have some strong opinions on. There are many reasons students find themselves in this pressurised situation . If you are given a writing assignment with a page number, the best thing to do is go directly to the person who made the assignment and ask for a word count. This will take away all the variations and help ensure your writing assignment meets expectations. I average 240 handwritten words per college ruled sheet. I have a writing assignment in school, and it is always helpful to know how many pages I will need. I think that since teachers don’t give page assignments but only word count assignments, it’s difficult to imagine how many pages that will be. I write longer words than most, so most of my pages have less words than the estimates on this page. You should change them so they are more accurate for people who use longer vocabulary words. Do you know what fonts have the widest spacing so that they fill up the page more quickly? I need to find a wide font so I don’t have to write as many words to fill up the pages on my assignment. If you can send me in the direction of the best wide font to do this, that would be great. I wrote an essay of 1550 words and it was barely 4.5 pages . I have a paper with ~2800 words and it is 3 lines past the 4th page. Aye how many words do I have to put if I’m typing a 14 page essay. I agree that there are a lot of people who are overly concerned with word count, but there are legitimate reasons to keep it in mind as well. If it’s not something important to you and your writing, you can ignore it. Some of us get marked down points if we do not hit a certain word count or page count. If I’m assigned a paper and it has to be a minimum number of words, I worry about hitting that number. It depends on how large or small your letters are. If it’s for something informal and you simply need a general guideline, you can find it below. You can achieve this by using various techniques such as starting with some statistics, a quote, a story or a dialogue. Regardless of your style, the bottom line should be to arouse the reader’s attention but make sure you stick to the topic. Once you've decided on your approach to answering the question, you should be able to form a pretty solid plan for the body of the essay. It can be helpful to come up with a quick answer in your head, as this gives you a general idea of what to write about and means you won't need to keep rereading the question. The very fact that they're short and worded in a very straightforward way means you're probably expected to construct a much more original and complex essay to respond to it. Depending on the genre of book you are writing, word count can be critical in whether or not your writing can actually be published. Publishers like certain genres to be within certain word counts, so any author who hopes to be published has to create their works within these counts. What am I supposed to do if I write 1000 words, but it doesn’t make the number of pages I want? I don’t think I should have to write more words just because mine happen to be shorter than my classmates. We're not here to judge, rather help you make the best of a tricky situation. You had every intention of getting your essay done before the deadline, but sometimes life can get in the way.

Follow Essay Format Guide From Experienced Teacher

Follow Essay Format Guide From Experienced Teacher A limited vocabulary affects the effectivity of essay greatly. The best way to improve your vocabulary is to note down words along with synonyms while reading. For instance, an essay on “Switching to electric vehicles will help in cutting down on pollution”. In this type of essays, the writer is expected to discuss on two different public opinions and provide views on it. For instance, there are two opinions on the decision of making exercise and yoga compulsory for employees. The writer is expected to write the essay summarizing the effects of putting this into effect and also the current scenario of what happens if it is not put into effect. This time, Alex doesn’t begin with a preconceived notion of how to organize her essay. You will have enough space if you write on every line, avoid wide margins, and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size. Remember that people who are not familiar with your handwriting will read what you write. Try to write or print so that what you are writing is legible to those readers. Vocabulary is a major challenge for every non-native writer. Although essays have different topics and purposes, they all share a similar structure. When we refer to essay structure, we mean the way the essay looks on the page and the specific paragraphs used to create that look. Lots of people say that you should write in chunks of 500 words as you’re reading. For instance â€" “Vertical expansion of urban areas â€" Identify challenges and suggest solutions”. In such a topic, the writer usually covers challenges in the first paragraph of the body. The opening sentence of every paragraph in the body contains details about the subtopic that is “Challenges” in this case. Every paragraph contains an opening statement which describes the writer’s point of view about the area of study. The writer usually answers the first question on the provided topic. Target to learn at least 10 new words daily and use them in your essays as well as day to day communication. Reading is the best way to improve your knowledge about any topic. To prepare yourself for an essay writing task, read as much as you can on a variety of topics. Each body paragraph connects to the thesis, or main idea/topic, of the essay. It is important that all body paragraphs work to develop the main idea of the essay and that none of them go off topic. In this type of an essay, writer contrasts and compare two sides of the same coin. A simple example is â€" “Electric vehicles â€" A boon or bane”. These essays usually are written on a decisive note. In this type of essays, the writer is expected to decide whether a particular decision is going to help the community or not. This helps you form opinions on various social, political as well as technological topics. The above sections covered tips on how to write an essay. However, it does not cover tips on how to improve your essay writing skills. Here are some tips on how to improve your essay-writing skills. The body section could be divided into 2-3 paragraphs or sometimes, even more, depending on the need of the topic. ” Then she will decide how to organize her draft by thinking about the argument’s parts and how they fit together. This handout will help you figure out what your college instructors expect when they give you a writing assignment. It will tell you how and why to move beyond the five-paragraph essays you learned to write in high school and start writing essays that are more analytical and more flexible.

What Are The 5 Parts Of An Essay?

What Are The 5 Parts Of An Essay? When I do this, I write down every single word and thought that comes to mind for an hour straight, and before I know it, I am writing entire lines of text. As we said, writing is hard, and even professional writers like myself have trouble doing it. Here are a few useful tips that I follow in order to get the most of myself. Following your professor or teacher’s favorite essay format is very important. EduBirdie uses top quality writers with years of higher-level writing experience on a variety of subjects. Brainstorm ideas for what you’re going to write if the assignment is specifically about one topic. Make a sub-list for each topic that you could write about. Meet all your essay deadlines with the help of our expert writers. Discipline yourself to commit a few hours a day to completing your paper. This is when you brainstorm ideas for your essay. It is important to delineate the entirety of your argument at the very beginning of the paragraph. You want your message to be extremely accessible, so make it snappy! Do not wait until the end of the paragraphâ€"and definitely not until the end of the essayâ€"to present your argument. The strongest way to end a short essay is to include a brief summary of your main argument and a statement that includes the implications of your thesis on your future. This will depict you as a goal-oriented and forward-thinking person without veering you too far from the main idea of your essay. The middle part of the paragraph contains supporting sentences that follow one another in a logical sequence of steps. The concluding sentence closes your subject with an emphasis on the final product or process desired by the topic. An introduction is typically the first paragraph of your paper. The goal of your introduction is to let your reader know what he or she can expect from your paper. Introductions and conclusions are important components of any essay. They work to book-end the argument made in the body paragraphs by first explaining what points will be made and then summarizing what points were made . List three to five topics that you are interested in or would like to write about. Examples of 2000 word count pages might be longer for blog posts, college essays or term papers, and operating manuals. Prompt’s Essay Specialists reviewed 13,000 admissions essays in 2018, helping thousands of students submit their applications with confidence. Crafting an original, insightful, and memorable thesis makes a distinct impression on a reader. You will lose credibility as a writer if you become only a mouthpiece or a copyist; you will gain credibility by grabbing the reader with your own ideas and words. This paragraph, like any other, organizes itself around three parts. A topic sentence allows the reader to understand what you are writing about. When you read a textbook, the news, magazine articles, or any other types of publications, you are reading expository writing. When you write answers for an essay test, you use the expository form. A well-crafted thesis statement reflects well-crafted ideas. It signals a writer who has intelligence, commitment, and enthusiasm. Use your own words in thesis statements; avoid quoting.

The Basics Of Essay Writing

The Basics Of Essay Writing In this section, you need to specify to your readers what the entire essay is all about. In other words, the introduction should consist of a paragraph that introduces your essay to the minds of readers. This will help them gain key insights into what they expect to gain from reading your essay. You also need to remember your introductory paragraph is what will keep your readers reading on. After this, you are ready to write the last part of your essay, which is the conclusion. Here, you will emphasize the points or arguments discussed in the main body. You may also provide a synopsis as you close your essay. You can then proceed to write the introduction, in which you can give an overview of your essay’s main body. It is a crucial factor that keeps readers interested. Now it is time to look at the full topic and get a grasp of knowledge about the concept. In other words, researching the topic should come next after understanding its subject. This can be done by looking through related books and guides. This is like doing your introduction all over again, but with slightly nicer words. Once you’ve clarified all the terms, you can start to put together your arguments and write the essay. The introduction will let the reader know what to expect from your article, and it can also give some background information. They’ll mess up your sleep pattern, you’ll ruin your entire next day, and you’ll likely produce work that a 5-year old would be quick to disown. Often your argument will change over the course of the essay, and you’ll need to alter your intro accordingly. Top-notch paper.A decent paper can help you get into a college of your dream, improve your GPA, or even get you a scholarship. No matter which of these you're persuing, it's always a good idea to have an essay professionally crafted. Excellent quality-price ratio.When you pay us to write your essay, you are practically investing fair money into top college grades. With our help, you get to stretch a buck and meet every single deadline at school without sacrificing your sleep, social life, and sanity. Reasonable prices.We aim to establish prices that will both motivate the essay writers and not leave our customers wanting. Affordability is at the core of our principles, so be sure you won't have to rob the bank to get your piece written by our experts. A massive team of online essay writers.We do our best to hire as many talents on our as possible. We scan each resume that comes our way to ensure that not one excellent essay writer is left unnoticed. Our team consists of dozens of experts from various fields and backgrounds. And all this is done to meet the growing demand for quality online ghostwriting. You won’t remember any of it, it will drain all of your energy, and you only get one reference and viewpoint out of it. Read the intro and conclusion so that you get the gist of their argument. Pick a chapter from the contents page which looks like it’s relevant to your essay. As above, find relevant references and follow them up. Better still, following the digital path can come in handy. This way, you stand a chance to be presented with a large number of sources that provide quality and concise information about your essay topic. Due to time constraints, I only audited this course. I found the content engaging and easy to absorb. New students will find this course very useful in learning and developing basic and essential essay skills. No more rush and gallons of coffee to keep you awake again and again. Just drop us a line and our essay writers will be on their way to craft an A+ piece for you whenever needed day or night. b) We carefully check your instructions with our essay writers and a personal essay writer is assigned to your order.

How To Write A Strong English Essay In Years 9 And 10

How To Write A Strong English Essay In Years 9 And 10 Check our encyclopedia for a gloss on thousands of topics from biographies to the table of elements. Next, copy and paste the APA reference into the reference section of your essay. A simple way to write your reference section is use Google scholar. Just type the name and date of the psychologist in the search box and click on the 'cite' link. In simple terms every time you cite/refer to a name of a psychologist you need to reference the original source of the information. There are pages with information about our services , lots of policy pages , and our order page. Furthermore, since we are study nerds, our site has a lot of great content that we are sure you will find interesting. Sadly, it is often the students who can benefit most from higher education who also struggle the most. Instead make sure you expand on your points, remember, quality of evaluation is most important than quantity. As a general rule make sure there is at least one citation (i.e. name of psychologist and date of publication) in each paragraph. Critical Evaluation - arguments should be supported by appropriate evidence and/or theory from the literature. Evidence of independent thinking, insight and evaluation of the evidence. Each paragraph should comprise a main theme which are illustrated and developed through a number of points . If you start off well then you are more likely to be forgiven for the odd mistake later one. Highlight the major issues which “lie behind” the question. The number of points that you make will depend on the word count (1500 words, 4-5 paragraphs). Secondly identify and highlight the instructional words. E.g. is the essay asking you to compare, justify, argue, discuss etc. Also underline the key words/ideas that have been used like workplace diversity, communication etc. Proofread your essay and make sure it follows any formatting requirements required by the unit. Let the reader know how you will focus your essay by identifying the main themes to be discussed. Identify the subject of the essay and define the key terms. Evidence suggests psychoanalytic therapy works best if the client is motivated and has a positive attitude. It is very important to elaborate on your evaluation. Don't just write a shopping list of brief evaluation points. When you have finished the first draft of your essay you must check if it 'flows'. This is an important feature of quality of communication . Introductions are very important as first impressions count and they can create a halo effect in the mind of the lecturer grading your essay. The sad fact is that low-income students are significantly less likely to graduate from college than their wealthier counterparts. What’s even more discouraging is that intelligence and achievement don’t seem to help. A poor student with high SAT scores is less likely to finish college than a student with lower scores who happens to be in a higher income bracket. Expand on each bullet point to build paragraphs based on evidence, which will also require with citations. It is important to begin writing as soon as soon as possible â€" think of writing as a process rather than a goal. Linking words clarify for the reader how one point relates to another. An essay flows cohesively when ideas and information relate to each other smoothly and logically. You may return to discuss the background/context of the topic, if relevant. Now let us look at what constitutes a good essay in psychology. After writing your plan conduct supplementary reading and refine your plan and make it more detailed. This plan could be in the form of a mind map, a summary table, or by writing a core statement . We’ll get the nitty-gritty stuff out of the way first. If you search our website, you will find lots of content. The reference section is the list of all the sources cited in the essay . Finally, only repeat citations when it is unclear which study / theory you are discussing. Repeating citations unnecessarily disrupts the flow of an essay.

Essay Writing Service Hire A Best Essay Writer Online!

Essay Writing Service Hire A Best Essay Writer Online! In general, the information on wiki sites isn’t trustworthy because anyone can change that information at any time. However, visiting the sources linked at the bottom of a wiki page is a great way to find reputable sources. You can’t get such level of personalization elsewhere. As you can see, a writing agency is needed not just because students are after convenience. In fact, many of our customers hire us because they are very committed to their studies and they need instructions with these papers, so they can get better at writing. For students that are not that great at writing, the collaboration with a professional writing services can be a learning experience. All papers are unique because our writers are required to follow our strict quality assurance protocol, which includes anti-plagiarism. Here at EssayPro, we offer a service guarantee when you buy an essay. This means that our clients can have college papers done in moments or 2 weeks, regardless of the number of pages. Academic essays explore complex ideas and information, but this doesn’t mean your writing has to be complex, too. Opt for simple, straightforward language whenever possible. Revising involves rethinking your ideas, refining your arguments, reorganizing paragraphs, and rewording sentences. If your essay is longer than five paragraphs, it should still begin with an introductory paragraph and end with a concluding paragraph. It’s vital to write down or save the bibliographic information for all your sources, including websites. This information includes the author’s name, the title of the article or webpage, the page numbers , the date on which the source was published, and the URL . When you write your essay, you will likely need to refer back to this information and include it at the end of your paper. We do not engage in paraphrasing/rewriting practices. We deliver genuinely original work that’s written just for you. When considering how to write an academic essay, don’t wait until the last minute to begin your research. You may find that the information you need isn’t readily accessible online, so you might need to visit your local library or conduct more in-depth searches online. Persuasive essays are used to make an argument or persuade the reader to feel a certain way or believe something specific. Keep in mind that there’s a 100% plagiarism-free guarantee covering all customers at our website. We are a freelance platform, which connects talented writers with students who need extra help on their assignments. We are all about assisting college students and helping them make the best of these years. Look over the writers’ ratings, success rating, and the feedback left by other students. We find a writer with an MA or PhD degree in the relevant area of study. This writer takes your instructions and develops a paper from scratch. There are instances where an essay topic is provided, and all you need is to research and write within the given area. However, there are scenarios where you will be required to pick a topic that’s relevant to your field of study. buy essays online to improve their chances of submitting a premium quality paper. After you gather your research, think about how you want to organize it. A simple five-paragraph essay should begin with an introductory paragraph, include three paragraphs presenting information or arguments, and end with a concluding paragraph. You may need to develop your ideas in more detail, give more evidence to support your claims, or delete material that is unnecessary. For more advice on revising and a sample revision, click here. One method for narrowing down your topic is called brainstorming. Brainstorming is a useful way to let ideas you didn't know you had come to the surface. Sit down with a pencil and paper, or at your computer, and write whatever comes into your head about your topic, no matter how confused or disorganized.

Essays On Writing, Parenting, And Friendship From Laura Lippman

Essays On Writing, Parenting, And Friendship From Laura Lippman Don’t make your opponent look like they have no arguments, or take the weakest version of their argument. Think about the strongest possible response to the claim you’ve put forward, then beat that. If you’re making a claim, you need to tell me why that claim is correct. Figure out if there are arguments which are unresolved and see if you can make a contribution towards resolving them. You don’t want to get penalised because you didn’t reference your readings properly after you’ve put in all that effort to make sure that your arguments are founded in the literature. If the reading list is really short, you’ll need to go beyond it. Look through the reference lists of the papers and books you’ve just read. Mark out a few of the most promising-looking readings. Be aware whilst you’re reading that all arguments and authors are fallible. Think about the text you’re reading and think how you might respond to it. This is the single easiest way to get more marks. If I see an argument citing an author whom nobody else has mentioned, and it’s a decent argument, it will make my day. You will save yourself literally days over the course of your university career. When the assignment says between 6-8 pages, it is better to do 8 than 6. When you have such limited number of pages, you need space to develop your argument. However, don’t just ramble on and on, repeating the same arguments in different ways to fill-up space. The most important thing to remember after selecting your preferred citation style is that in-text citation must match the work cited list. Citation style also has to be consistent throughout the paper (i.e. you cannot go from APA to MLA). Ninety nine percent of the structure of your essay is exactly the same as you learned in secondary school. You might think you’re too good for Point, Evidence, Explain. How are you going to relate your argument to the existing literature? Make sure you know their arguments reasonably well and have armed yourself with flexible quotes from their work. If you can, familiarise yourself with the people who think they’re wrong and awful. The first line of the paragraph should be able to capture the attention of the examiner in the first reading. Correct grammatical mistakes, check to see that you have answered all parts of the question. You will have to support your argument with evidence, and this may involve memorizing some key events, or the names of theorists, etc. Once you’ve written the whole essay, read over it again. Look at every premise you’ve used and claim you’ve made. If you use sourcing engines to make your references, always double check their accuracy. Plagiarism is the most serious academic offence. If you perform poorly at this, you might as well pack up and go home. Next, think about what you need to prove in order to make that claim. What might be the immediate negative reaction of someone reading your central claim? Think of a potential response to your argument, perhaps from an author you’re arguing against. Write out that response, then tell me why it doesn’t defeat your argument, or at least why it only mitigates it. This is the stuff that actually makes up your argument. They allow you to reference as you write, and you can create and reformat your bibliography and citations at the touch of a button. Finally, make sure you formulate every claim in the strongest possible terms. How can you defend yourself against that response? Ideally you want to be able to split your burdens of proof into a few different points. Start your intro with the central claim of your essay. If I’m reading it, I want to know within literally five seconds what you’re trying to convince me of.

The Basics Of Essay Writing

The Basics Of Essay Writing academic writing, pronunciation and presentation courses. Designed to fast-track your progress in these skills areas. Self-help learning resources -The HELPS website also provides an online self-study guide to essential academic skills. All of our helpers have Ph.D. and Master's degrees, professional knowledge, and advanced English level. EssayWriting.org ruins the stereotype about professional quality and its cost. Here you will get your stunning paper for a low rate. Everything can happen, and sometimes you may find that you have a couple of hours for an essay. Try to demonstrate to the lecturer that you have an opinion on the subject. It is very important to make your voice transparent throughout your writing. It should then contain supporting sentences to explain and develop the point that you are making. It makes a general statement about the issue, topic or area under discussion. We check the texts with the plagiarism scanner to detect any frauds. The customers, who wish to receive confirmation of the work’s originality, are welcome to send a request to the customer support. In return, they will receive the plagiarism report, indicating that the paper is 100% authentic. Remember if you lose your target reader you also lose marks in your assessment. Your introduction should point them in the right direction giving them a clear idea of what is to follow. Hire an expert at our resource, and all of your academic problems will vanish into the air like smoke. You can count on your writing partner because he/she will never let you down. There is no way that you will find any copied and pasted materials in your work. Neither we rewrite or recycle previously-written papers. However, if you are doing a group work assignment and your lecturer has asked you to work together and submit the assignment jointly, that is not collusion. Ensure that you let the introduction speak for itself. Try to create an introduction that captures the target reader; and don't let the target reader second guess what you’re trying to say. No need to wait until your deadline becomes too short! The writing team we have gathered at EssayWriting.org consists of top experts, always ready to cope with your homework assignments. We are not trying to boast of, but take a look at our statistics and see it for yourself. In most instances, your points should be supported by some form of evidence from your readings or examples drawn from the subject area. You should comment on the implication, significance or impact and finish off the paragraph with a critical deduction that you have drawn from the evidence.

Writing Your Essay

Writing Your Essay List three to five topics that you are interested in or would like to write about. Brainstorm ideas for what you’re going to write if the assignment is specifically about one topic. Make a sub-list for each topic that you could write about. The answer is around 4 pages single spaced, and 8 pages double spaced. The strongest way to end a short essay is to include a brief summary of your main argument and a statement that includes the implications of your thesis on your future. This will depict you as a goal-oriented and forward-thinking person without veering you too far from the main idea of your essay. The size of your introduction should bear some relationship to the length and complexity of your paper. A twenty page paper may call for a two-page introduction, but a five-page paper will not. We strongly recommend you revise an essay that is shorter than 250 words unless such a length is required by your professor. To lengthen your assignment, reread the writing and each body paragraph of it. Many things matter when you work on an academic essay. Hence, it is useful for one to take them into consideration while working on a 5-paragraph assignment. What about the format, citations, structure, and language of your 5-paragraph paper? Here, you should consider each of those elements in the context of the type, purpose, and subject matter of the essay assigned. I was never able to write a good essay, so I’ve turned to these guys for help, and they’ve nailed it. I really liked what they did because it was actually what I’ve been asking for. I guess they’ve just earned themselves a loyal customer. If you want to use an essay writing help then the one Edubirdie offers is excellent. I am not strong with English written text, so using this site was a blessing. For instance, the main idea is to convince the reader. Then, you are to apply different means of reasonable and persuasive communication. Or, if there is an argument in focus, you have to look for a reliable piece of evidence for supporting your central message. Prompt’s Essay Specialists reviewed 13,000 admissions essays in 2018, helping thousands of students submit their applications with confidence. A good opening paragraph captures the interest of your reader and tells why your topic is important. The introductions for most papers can be effectively written in one paragraph occupying half to three-quarters of the first page. Your introduction may be longer than that, and it may take more than one paragraph, but be sure you know why. Examples of 2000 word count pages might be longer for blog posts, college essays or term papers, and operating manuals. No one can legally stop you from paying someone to write an essay for you. With over 450 dedicated writers, we’ll get your research written for you in as little as 3 hours. In fact, there is nothing wrong with insisting upon payment via Western Union, Money Gram, or similar services for such projects. The main idea of the essay is stated in a single sentence called the thesis statement. You must limit your entire essay to the topic you have introduced in your thesis statement. It is important to delineate the entirety of your argument at the very beginning of the paragraph. You want your message to be extremely accessible, so make it snappy! Do not wait until the end of the paragraphâ€"and definitely not until the end of the essayâ€"to present your argument. May be, there are some unanswered questions, discussing which will add some words to your text. Sometimes, it is hard to come up with five paragraphs of classical structure within such a short format. The absolute minimum size for a five-paragraph essay is 250 words or one double-spaced page, typed in standard 12 points font. But, is there an answer to that question of how many words you should write? We know that any essay is better to be not too long and not too short, but here, we will try to find a precise solution.

How To Write Better Undergraduate Essays

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Essay Info

Essay Info I look at the header, and then I scan the sub-heads to get an idea of the writer’s approach to the subject. If it looks like fluff, I kill the page and move on. As with any rule, there are exceptions, but broadly speaking, essay writing and academic writing calls for paragraphs in the word range. Since there can be a large variation on the number of words needed to fill a page, most papers are no longer assigned by page count. That is, an assignment, essay or paper will likely be assigned as 1500 â€" 2000 words rather than 3 â€" 4 pages. This way it is much more difficult for the writer to “game the system” by using large fonts and excessive spacing to meet the writing criteria. Some people write their introduction only after they have completed the rest of the essay. Others write the introduction first but rewrite it significantly in light of what they end up saying in the body of their paper. Some students cannot begin writing the body of the essay until they feel they have the perfect introduction. Be aware of the dangers of sinking too much time into the introduction. The final paragraph of the essay provides the conclusion. This paragraph should should restate your thesis statement using slightly different wording than employed in your introduction. The paragraph should summarize the arguments presented in the body of the essay. The last sentence in the conclusion paragraph should communicate that your essay has come to and end. Your concluding paragraph should communicate to the reader that you're confident that you've proven the idea as set forth in your thesis statement. Check your assignment carefully for any directions about what to include in your introduction or conclusion. If your essay has a thesis, your thesis statement will typically appear at the end of your introduction, even though that is not a hard-and-fast rule. You may, for example, follow your thesis with a brief road map to your essay that sketches the basic structure of your argument. The longer the paper, the more useful a road map becomes. It can be fine to leave the writing of the introduction for a later stage in the essay-writing process. This topic should relate to the thesis statement in the introductory paragraph. The last sentence in this paragraph should include a transitional concluding hook that signals the reader that this is the final major point being made in this paper. This hook also leads into the last, or concluding, paragraph. Most of the advice in this handout pertains to argumentative or exploratory academic essays. Some of that time can be more usefully channeled into planning and writing. To take easy reading to the next level, try using sub-headers every paragraph to three paragraphs. This is applicable to blogs and web pages, and to a certain extent, in academic writing. Many writers begin with the body and conclusion and come back to the introduction later. It's a useful, time-efficient approach if you find yourself stuck in those first few words. Longer essays may also contain an introductory page that defines words and phrases of the essay's topic. The academic essay tests the student's ability to present their thoughts in an organized way and is designed to test their intellectual capabilities. In France, several writers produced longer works with the title of essai that were not true examples of the form. But if the sub-headers are interesting, and seem to tell me there’s something worth learning, I’ll read the whole piece. You can assume commercial writing and news reports will have paragraphs approximately half as long as the ones you’d see in academic or essay writing. In this case, we’re looking at ten to twenty paragraphs per 1,000 words instead of five to ten. Whatever you’re discussing, you’ll discover a number of concepts which you presumably planned before you started writing. To make it all hang together nicely, you add a bit of space when you transition from one area of discussion to another. Be aware, however, that different genres have their own special expectations about beginnings and endings. Some academic genres may not even require an introduction or conclusion. An annotated bibliography, for example, typically provides neither. A book review may begin with a summary of the book and conclude with an overall assessment of it. A policy briefing usually includes an introduction but may conclude with a series of recommendations. Writing paragraphs takes practice, but what should students write about? Good paragraph writing prompts allow students to write about what they know and like, so their focus can be on the writing process and using the four essential elements. If you're struggling with the opening, follow the lead of other writers and skip it for the moment.

Essay Info

Essay Info I look at the header, and then I scan the sub-heads to get an idea of the writer’s approach to the subject. If it looks like fluff, I kill the page and move on. As with any rule, there are exceptions, but broadly speaking, essay writing and academic writing calls for paragraphs in the word range. Since there can be a large variation on the number of words needed to fill a page, most papers are no longer assigned by page count. That is, an assignment, essay or paper will likely be assigned as 1500 â€" 2000 words rather than 3 â€" 4 pages. This way it is much more difficult for the writer to “game the system” by using large fonts and excessive spacing to meet the writing criteria. Some people write their introduction only after they have completed the rest of the essay. Others write the introduction first but rewrite it significantly in light of what they end up saying in the body of their paper. Some students cannot begin writing the body of the essay until they feel they have the perfect introduction. Be aware of the dangers of sinking too much time into the introduction. The final paragraph of the essay provides the conclusion. This paragraph should should restate your thesis statement using slightly different wording than employed in your introduction. The paragraph should summarize the arguments presented in the body of the essay. The last sentence in the conclusion paragraph should communicate that your essay has come to and end. Your concluding paragraph should communicate to the reader that you're confident that you've proven the idea as set forth in your thesis statement. Check your assignment carefully for any directions about what to include in your introduction or conclusion. If your essay has a thesis, your thesis statement will typically appear at the end of your introduction, even though that is not a hard-and-fast rule. You may, for example, follow your thesis with a brief road map to your essay that sketches the basic structure of your argument. The longer the paper, the more useful a road map becomes. It can be fine to leave the writing of the introduction for a later stage in the essay-writing process. This topic should relate to the thesis statement in the introductory paragraph. The last sentence in this paragraph should include a transitional concluding hook that signals the reader that this is the final major point being made in this paper. This hook also leads into the last, or concluding, paragraph. Most of the advice in this handout pertains to argumentative or exploratory academic essays. Some of that time can be more usefully channeled into planning and writing. To take easy reading to the next level, try using sub-headers every paragraph to three paragraphs. This is applicable to blogs and web pages, and to a certain extent, in academic writing. Many writers begin with the body and conclusion and come back to the introduction later. It's a useful, time-efficient approach if you find yourself stuck in those first few words. Longer essays may also contain an introductory page that defines words and phrases of the essay's topic. The academic essay tests the student's ability to present their thoughts in an organized way and is designed to test their intellectual capabilities. In France, several writers produced longer works with the title of essai that were not true examples of the form. But if the sub-headers are interesting, and seem to tell me there’s something worth learning, I’ll read the whole piece. You can assume commercial writing and news reports will have paragraphs approximately half as long as the ones you’d see in academic or essay writing. In this case, we’re looking at ten to twenty paragraphs per 1,000 words instead of five to ten. Whatever you’re discussing, you’ll discover a number of concepts which you presumably planned before you started writing. To make it all hang together nicely, you add a bit of space when you transition from one area of discussion to another. Be aware, however, that different genres have their own special expectations about beginnings and endings. Some academic genres may not even require an introduction or conclusion. An annotated bibliography, for example, typically provides neither. A book review may begin with a summary of the book and conclude with an overall assessment of it. A policy briefing usually includes an introduction but may conclude with a series of recommendations. Writing paragraphs takes practice, but what should students write about? Good paragraph writing prompts allow students to write about what they know and like, so their focus can be on the writing process and using the four essential elements. If you're struggling with the opening, follow the lead of other writers and skip it for the moment.

Essay Info

Essay Info I look at the header, and then I scan the sub-heads to get an idea of the writer’s approach to the subject. If it looks like fluff, I kill the page and move on. As with any rule, there are exceptions, but broadly speaking, essay writing and academic writing calls for paragraphs in the word range. Since there can be a large variation on the number of words needed to fill a page, most papers are no longer assigned by page count. That is, an assignment, essay or paper will likely be assigned as 1500 â€" 2000 words rather than 3 â€" 4 pages. This way it is much more difficult for the writer to “game the system” by using large fonts and excessive spacing to meet the writing criteria. Some people write their introduction only after they have completed the rest of the essay. Others write the introduction first but rewrite it significantly in light of what they end up saying in the body of their paper. Some students cannot begin writing the body of the essay until they feel they have the perfect introduction. Be aware of the dangers of sinking too much time into the introduction. The final paragraph of the essay provides the conclusion. This paragraph should should restate your thesis statement using slightly different wording than employed in your introduction. The paragraph should summarize the arguments presented in the body of the essay. The last sentence in the conclusion paragraph should communicate that your essay has come to and end. Your concluding paragraph should communicate to the reader that you're confident that you've proven the idea as set forth in your thesis statement. Check your assignment carefully for any directions about what to include in your introduction or conclusion. If your essay has a thesis, your thesis statement will typically appear at the end of your introduction, even though that is not a hard-and-fast rule. You may, for example, follow your thesis with a brief road map to your essay that sketches the basic structure of your argument. The longer the paper, the more useful a road map becomes. It can be fine to leave the writing of the introduction for a later stage in the essay-writing process. This topic should relate to the thesis statement in the introductory paragraph. The last sentence in this paragraph should include a transitional concluding hook that signals the reader that this is the final major point being made in this paper. This hook also leads into the last, or concluding, paragraph. Most of the advice in this handout pertains to argumentative or exploratory academic essays. Some of that time can be more usefully channeled into planning and writing. To take easy reading to the next level, try using sub-headers every paragraph to three paragraphs. This is applicable to blogs and web pages, and to a certain extent, in academic writing. Many writers begin with the body and conclusion and come back to the introduction later. It's a useful, time-efficient approach if you find yourself stuck in those first few words. Longer essays may also contain an introductory page that defines words and phrases of the essay's topic. The academic essay tests the student's ability to present their thoughts in an organized way and is designed to test their intellectual capabilities. In France, several writers produced longer works with the title of essai that were not true examples of the form. But if the sub-headers are interesting, and seem to tell me there’s something worth learning, I’ll read the whole piece. You can assume commercial writing and news reports will have paragraphs approximately half as long as the ones you’d see in academic or essay writing. In this case, we’re looking at ten to twenty paragraphs per 1,000 words instead of five to ten. Whatever you’re discussing, you’ll discover a number of concepts which you presumably planned before you started writing. To make it all hang together nicely, you add a bit of space when you transition from one area of discussion to another. Be aware, however, that different genres have their own special expectations about beginnings and endings. Some academic genres may not even require an introduction or conclusion. An annotated bibliography, for example, typically provides neither. A book review may begin with a summary of the book and conclude with an overall assessment of it. A policy briefing usually includes an introduction but may conclude with a series of recommendations. Writing paragraphs takes practice, but what should students write about? Good paragraph writing prompts allow students to write about what they know and like, so their focus can be on the writing process and using the four essential elements. If you're struggling with the opening, follow the lead of other writers and skip it for the moment.

8 Tips For Writing An Essay About Music

8 Tips For Writing An Essay About Music “We do not condone, encourage or knowingly take part in plagiarism or any other acts of academic fraud,” it said. Less attention has been paid to the tricks some well-off students use to skate by once they are enrolled. The right essay editor or guide is someone who knows something about you but isn’t your best friend or parent, and someone who you know can push you on storytelling and language. We keep your personal and payment information safe. When you want to ask somebody, “write essay for me! If you don’t want your personal information to be shared with any third parties, WriteMyPapers.org is the best solution. Ordering your papers on our website is 100% safe because we protect our customers’ data and never disclose it to anyone. To learn more, please check out our Privacy and Cookies Policy. On the other hand, very few applicants will write about people like Paul Baran or Joseph Campbell. You can make your application stand out by mentioning someone unique. While brainstorming an answer to this question, it’s a good idea to think about how you would summarize your application in a few sentences. What do your classwork and extracurriculars demonstrate an interest in? What sentence instantly helps to combine the disparate elements of your application into a cohesive narrative? It’s best not to hand your essay to every person who comes your way, no matter how many smart teachers, friends, and peers you have at your disposal. Too much feedback can confuse your sense of mission. This should help guide an answer to the question that’s consistent with your overall application. This sounds a lot like “vision statements” that many business professionals write for themselves. The idea here is to give a concise summary of what drives you every day. Yale’s class of 5,500 undergraduates study in the city of New Haven, Connecticut. Each student lives in one of the fourteen residential colleges across the 345-acre campus. As a Boston-born girl, my loyalty to the Patriots seems naturalâ€"even if it’s not so common for a teenage Indian-American-Californian girl to be as much of a sports junkie as I am. But I’ve seen that loyalty tested plenty of times. I’m completely invested in the Pats; I’ve been known to be giddy when they win, and tearful when they lose. However, finding a true home to watch Patriots games in California isn’t easy. By the end of the season, the staff knew what we wanted to eat, and where we wanted to sit, so the sports bar felt like a second home. Bret Hovell, a spokesman for Arizona State University, said the school was not able to determine whether the essay had been turned in. Mr. Loller said he had worked with some colleges that have students who have never shown up for class or completed a single assignment. With over 35,220 first-year applicants for the Class of 2024, only 6.5% of students were accepted. Improve your essay and impress admissions officers with our free Peer Essay Review. Plagiarism is not your problem anymore â€" we guarantee plagiarism-free papers. Before the client gets a completed order, our editors thoroughly scan it with different checkers. Online fats responding service is cheap and safe as compared with other useful resources. Once, she agonized so much over an American history paper about how the Great Depression ended that she rejected the job at the last minute, and had to pay an $18 fine. William Zinsser’s On Writing Well is the primer for nonfiction writing basics. Strunk & White’s Elements of Style is a very slim volume that will help you ensure you’ve dotted all your i’s and crossed all your t’s when it comes to grammar and syntax rules. Loyalty to a team, to an establishment, to other peopleâ€"even to oneself. Sitting in that bar over the last year, I feel like I’ve glimpsed them all. By the way, this prompt helped Ramya settle on the Patriotsâ€"Describe a place or environment where you are perfectly content. What do you do or experience there, and why is it meaningful to you?

Free Business Dissertation - AQA AVCE - Free Essay Example

Business activity: The new restaurant will sell a wide variety of Indian Cuisine from its secondary retail location which is the Earls court area of London. The different types of foods that will be served in the restaurant will include Samosas, Nan bread, Tandoori, rice, biryani, balti, jalfrezi, karahi, bhuna, vindaloo, madras, noodles, burgers, desserts, beverages, special dishes, and side orders such as aloo and potatoes as appropriate for the different seasons as it unfolds. In addition, the restaurant will provide a free delivery service for orders above 10 within a 3 mile radius, and will also include a 10% discount for orders above 15. Suppliers will include retail outlets in the Earls court area that sell Asian foods such as Rajah and TRS products from wholesale suppliers in Earls court, Wembley and Southall, which are established cash and carry wholesale outlets for Indian foods in the London area. Wholesale stores such as Tescos and ASDA will also be visited if necessary. Type of Ownership: In this case the business will be a partnership based business, in which the major stake holder will control 55 percent of the whole business and the remaining 45% will be controlled by 3 other stakeholders (4 stakeholders altogether). Objectives: The objective of the business is to provide high quality prepared foods and high quality service to the general public. In addition, we foresee to generate sales in excess of 100,000 in the first year! SECTION 2 Market Analysis: Primary Data A questionnaire was not deemed appropriate as the area of location does permit an influx of people, in which it can be said with hind sight that it will be worthwhile to press ahead with the opening of the business. Price List: The following is a table of a price list for potential suppliers: Gandhi Oriental Foods Southall Food Suppliers Rajtha Food Suppliers (Wembley) Pounds () Pounds () Pounds () Bag of gold self raising flour 25kg 8.25 7.99 7.99 Case Barson (Gram Flour) 6 bags 2kg 8.45 6.25 7.99 Drum vegetable oil 15 ltr KTC 7.79 5.99 6.99 Tin Mustard Oil 4 ltr 4.45 3.99 4.99 Tin pure ghee 2 kg 6.25 5.99 5.49 Tin chilli powder 18.9 17.99 17.99 Tin haldi (tumeric) powder 14.9 12.99 13.99 Cinnamon 2kg 5.45 4.99 5.25 Packet Tejpatha (Bay leaves) 750 grams 3.45 2.99 Case boiled chick peas (12) 411 grams 2.85 2.99 2.99 Packet Chana Dai 2kg 1.95 1.99 0.99 Jar mint sauce 3kg 2.95 2.99 1.99 Bag Salt 12.5kg 2.95 2.99 1.99 Case cathey container 26.9 25.99 22.99 Case carrier bag large 250 12.49 11.99 11.99 Case Cobra Beer large (12) 650ml 16.5 13.99 13.5 Kingfisher beer (12) 660ml 16.95 14.99 15.99 Basmati Rice (2kg) 12.99 11.99 12.99 Tilda Rice (2kg) 14.99 13.99 13.99 Sureeya Rice (2kg) 11.99 9.99 9.9 9 Lamb (per kilo) Chops 3.99 3.99 3.99 Liver and Heart 2.17 1.99 2.17 Leg 7.49 6.99 7.5 Shoulder 7.29 6.99 7.25 Back Chops 6.19 5.99 5.7 Chicken (per kilo) Leg Boneless 3.65 2.99 3.45 Wings 2.99 2.99 2.99 Roasters 2.17 2.25 2.2 Leg 1.18 1.25 1.1 Boneless 4.99 3.99 3.99 Sheep (per Kilo) Chop 3.5 2.99 3.25 Neck 2.64 2.49 2.5 Ribs 2.17 1.99 1.99 Leg 4.99 4.99 4.99 Shoulders 4.89 4.99 4.5 Back Chops 4.15 3.99 3.99 Competitors: Names Strengths Weaknesses Lapappardella Ristorante (Italian) Located off earls court road, very busy at weekends. Limited range (mainly pasta) Zizzi (Italian Restaurant) Located on the high street (Earls court road) New and modern European) It is a bit cramped in the sitting area Nandos Restaurant Very popular for its grilled and flamed chicken. Very busy at most times of the day and weekends. A very strong competitor Limited range of food served (mainly chicken) Dragon Palace (Chinese Restaurant) Very competitive in terms of its different types of foods served. It is cramped with limited space for more customers Masala Zone Recently opened and new in the area. It serves mainly Indian foods. It is a powerful competitor as its items are geared towards city life, i.e. city workers etc. It is not as popular yet. It range of items sold to the public is limited. Bibimbub (Oriental fusion dishes) Quite a wide variety of oriental dishes and cuisine. Very busy at the weekends Its foods are geared towards nutritional and healthy diets Although located on the high street, it is very cramp with limited space for a large number of customers to eat. Lotus Garden (Chinese restaurant) A wide variety of Chinese food As mentioned the sitting area is cramped. Information on Bank Loans: Having carried out an in-depth search for the best rates offered by banks, one came to the conclusion that the rates offered by the Halifax, offered the best rates when it came to obtaining a bank loan. For loans between 5,000 and 100,000, there is a variable discounted rate of 0.10% below Bank of Scotland Base Rate. For the remaining term of the loan the rate then changes to 3% above Bank of Scotland Base Rate and remains on variable rate terms for the rest of the loan. For the fixed rate business loan the rates are published on the Halifax website every fortnightly, in which the interest rates are based on LIBOR (London Inter Bank Offered Rate) plus a margin. In addition, security is required on any property or assets that this agreed with the bank. The overall cost of comparison is 11.1% APR. The actual rate available will depend upon the outcome of the initial start-up capital. Secondary Data Most of the information collated with regards to the price of items and competitors were gathered by the stakeholders of the restaurant. The factors that are deemed as possible effects on the demand for the service are: The price of the items sold to customers. The quality of the menu and how it is served to customers. The type of products used to serve the menu items, e.g. fresh farm produce, organic foods, and completeness. The customer service offered to customers will be a deciding factor in how the restaurant is viewed on from its initial opening. The way the competitors mentioned above respond to our presence in the Earls court area will play a part in how our customer base grows. The state of the economy, e.g. rising personal incomes, changes in interest rates and the change in house prices. In addition, because Indian cuisine has been a rising trend in British society over the past 6 years, it is expected that the demand for this growing in-fashion trend will continue to rise for the foreseeable future. Target Market: The majority of existing customers we expect to come into the restaurant will be based within a 4 mile radius of the Earls court area. Typically, they will be single people, couples, tourists and families all wanting to go out and have a good meal. It is expected that they will be middle class and above, who come from very affluent backgrounds. Most of the potential customers expected will be people who earn on average, incomes starting from 17,000 upwards. Competition Analysis: The potential strengths and weaknesses of competitors have been commented upon in the competition table. In retrospect, it is believed that the prices we will be offering with regard to items on our price list will be set below the average price of our major competitors mentioned i.e., Masala, Zone, Nandos, and Zizzis. This will enable us compete with our competitors head-on and with hind sight we will be able to carve out a growing market share into the future for the business. In addition, the items we are offering has a much wider range than our competitors in which the quality of the products used (fresh farm produce and organic), will set us above the competitors mentioned. Also, the service we ascribe to present to customers will be far reaching than our competitors. I.e. a waiter/waitress will always be on hand to attend to customer questions, taking customers to their table, and always making sure that the customer is satisfied with how they are being treated and offered in the Star of India cuisine. SECTION 3 Marketing Plan: The use of the marketing mix will be used to start off the business. They are product, price, place and promotion. Product/Service: The product / service that will be offered to customers as a whole will mainly be organic foods which include fresh farm produce from suppliers, whole sale outlets and also canned items from the suppliers mentioned above. The service will consist of customers coming into the restaurant to have a meal or take away, in which there will be a seating area for smoking and non-smoking. Also, a waiter/waitress will be on hand to serve and assist customers on the wide range of different cuisines available. As stated previously, there will be a free delivery service for orders above 10 and a 10% discount on orders above 15. This will change subject to seasonal demand. Price: The use of pricing strategies such as penetration pricing, promotional pricing, and price discrimination will be used to market the items offered by the restaurant. Penetration pricing will be used to set a low initial price in order to penetrate the market quickly and deeply, so as to attract a large number of customers quickly and win a large market share. With time the high sales volume will result in falling costs, allowing the restaurant to cut its price even further. With promotional pricing, the restaurant will temporarily price its items or products below the list price and sometimes even below cost. This will take several forms. I.e. a few items or products will be priced as loss leaders so as to attract customers into the restaurant in the hope that they will buy items at normal mark-ups. Price discrimination will be used to offer customers different prices for the same items or products offered by the restaurant. For example, if a customer ordered a special dish, it would automatically come with a side order of rice, in which the price is already included in the price of the special dish. However, if they ordered rice separately and the sauce separately, they would have to pay different prices for the two items. Price list for The Star of India The Star of India Appetisers Price () Chicken Samosa 3.20 Veg Samosa 3.20 Lamb Samosa 3.20 Papadom 0.40 Sheek Kebab 2.40 Shami Kebab 2.40 Chicken or Lamb Tikka 2.40 Chicken Chatt 2.40 Aloo Chatt 2.40 King Prawn Butterfly 3.50 Potatoes of the day 2.75 The Star of India Breads Nan 1.30 Keema Nan 1.80 Vegetable Nan 1.80 Peshwari Nan 1.80 Garlic Nan 1.80 Balti Nan 1.80 Paratha Nan 1.40 Stuffed Paratha 1.80 Tandoori Roti 1.20 Chapati 0.80 The Star of India Tandoori Delicacies Half Tandoori Chicken 4.70 Whole Tandoori Chicken 9.20 Chicken or Lamb Tikka 4.70 Chicken or Lamb Shaslik 5.50 Coconut Chicken 5.50 Tandoori King Prawn 8.40 Garlic Chicken 5.50 Tandoori Mixed Grill with nan 7.95 The Star of India Rice Delicacies Pilau Rice 1.60 Boiled Rice 1.50 Mushroom Rice 1.95 Egg Fried Rice 1.95 Lebu Rice 1.95 Garlic Rice 1.95 Narial Chawal 1.95 Vegetable Rice 1.95 Special Fried Rice 1.95 Keema Rice 2.25 The Star of India Biryani Delicacies Chicken, Meat or Pr awn 5.50 King Prawn 8.40 Chicken or Lamb Tikka 5.75 Tandoori Chicken 5.75 Vegetable 4.95 Mushroom 4.95 The Star of India Special 6.50 The Star of India Balti Delicacies Chicken, Meat or Prawn 5.75 King Prawn 8.40 Vegetable 4.80 The Star of India Special 6.95 Chicken or Lamb Tikka 6.75 Chicken, Meat or Lamb Sagwala, Jalfrezi, Dhansak 5.95 The Star of India Jalfrezi Delicacies Chicken Jalfrezi 4.60 Prawn Jalfrezi 5.70 Lamb Jalfrezi 4.60 King Prawn Jalfrezi 7.40 Chicken Tikka Jalfrezi 5.60 Lamb Tikka Jalfrezi 5.60 Vegetable Jalfrezi 4.95 The Star of India Karahi Delicacies Chicken Karahi 5.20 Prawn Karahi 5.70 Lamb Karahi 5.20 King Prawn Bhuna Karahi 7.40 Chicken Tikka Karahi 5.60 Lamb Tikka Karahi 5.60 Vegetable Karahi 4.95 The Star of India Bhuna Delicacies Chicken Bhuna 4.40 Prawn Bhuna 5.40 Lamb Bhuna 4.40 King Prawn Bhuna 7.40 Chicken Tikka Bhuna 5.70 Lamb Tikka Bhuna 5.70 Vegetable Bhuna 4.95 The Star of India Vindaloo / Madras Delicacies Chicken / Lamb Curry 4.10 Chicken / Lamb Madras 4.50 Chicken / Lamb Vindaloo 4.50 Prawn Curry / Madras / Vindaloo 4.80 King Prawn Curry / Madras / Vindaloo 6.50 Vegetable Curry 3.95 The Star of India Noodles Malabar Seafood 5.70 Chicken Madras 5.20 Konkan Chicken 5.20 Malabar veg 5.20 Veg madras 5.20 The Star of India Burgers Lamb Burger 5.20 Chicken Burger 4.80 Veggie Burger 4.80 The Star of India Special Dishes The Star of India Special 5.90 The Star of India Khazana 6.95 Nawabi Chicken 5.90 Murgh Charga 5.90 Achari Chicken 5.90 Chingri Bahar 7.95 Lamb Nashilee 5.90 Ghoust Laziz 5.90 Jerra Chicken Massala 5.90 Kufta Massala 5.90 King Prawn Delight 7.95 Shaslik Massala 5.90 Garlic Green Chilli Massala 5.90 Special Tandoori King Prawn Massala 7.95 Butter Chicken 5.90 Peshwari Chicken 5.90 Black Pepper Chicken 5.90 Black Pepper King Prawn 7.95 Chicken Tikka Podeena 5.90 Chicken Tikka Massala 5.90 Chicken Tikka Pasanda 5.90 Chicken Tikka Markhani 5.90 Chicken Rezala 5.90 The Star of India Desserts Gulab Jamun 2.10 F alooda 3.00 Chocolate, Vanilla, and Raspberry Ice Cream 2.10 The Star of India Beverages Fruit Juices 1.30 Mango and Coconut Lassi 1.20 Masala Chai 1.00 Coke or Diet Coke 0.65 Mineral Water 0.65 Place: The business will be located in the Earls Court area of central London. The reasoning behind the Earls court area is due to the fact that it is a prime secondary site close to a large number of tourist hotels, which is frequently busy the whole year round in central London. A map of the area is shown below: The restaurant will be located on Earls Court road, opposite Nevern Place, which is off Earls Court Road. There are two vacant outlets there. The major competitors the restaurant will face include, the Masala zone, which is the only Indian restaurant on the Earls court road, Zizzi, which is a trendy new Italian restaurant just opened about 6 months ago, Nandos which is a Portuguese eatery that specialises in grilled and flamed Chicken, and a number of Oriental restaurants including Chinese and Thai restaurants. Having said this, the main competitor will be the Masala zone, because, although the items it offers to customers are not as wide ranging as the proposed items we are offering at the Star of India restaurant, it is bound to be our major competitor. Notwithstanding, the potential customers we foresee to attract include, students, tourists, office workers, and members of the general public. Promotion: This is the specific mix of advertising, personal selling, sales promotion and public relations that a company uses to pursue its advertising and marketing objectives. There will be very limited advertising in the local paper: the restaurant opening and seasonal sales. It is proposed that we will get a well known Indian Chef to open the restaurant. Extensive promotion to students and restaurant discounts will be carried out. Displays will be mounted in front of the restaurant at its initial opening with leaflets being distributed to the general public. In addition special evenings will be arranged, e.g. buffets at 12 pm to 2pm. In-restaurant seasonal promotions for certain items on the menu will be offered to customers. This could include special discounts on loss leader items such as a free meal when you spend over 20 to get customers into the restaurant. Restaurant displays would emphasise the Asian feel. SECTION 4 Production Process: This will start of with all the relevant ingredients required to prepare all the meals mentioned in the price list bought and stocked in the fridge and store. Then there will be a waiter/waitress on hand to attend to all customer orders. This will be followed by the waiter/waitress presenting the order to the chefs, who will then prepare the relevant meal in the kitchen (see physical resources). Usually takes between 10 to 15 minutes. Once prepared, the chef will place a call for the waiter/waitress to pick up the meal and present it to the customer. In general it will all depend on what the customer has ordered. For appetizers, it will usually take 5 to 10 minutes for it to be presented to the customer. The quantity of the items served and sold to customers will be high grade fresh farm produce, in which it is expected that on average each month, 10,000 worth of sales will be made. This is forecasted to increase during the winter months because of the cold weather (seasonal demand). The reasoning behind this figure is that, Indian food has become a hit in the UK, whereby there has been a steady rise in the number of people ordering Indian takeaways, and also an increase in the number of sales made within supermarket stores,(Sainsburys, Tescos) for Indian food recipes and pre-prepared Indian meals. In addition, a promotional campaign of leaflets will be used heavily at the initial stage of its opening. Plant, machinery, and equipment such as a Chester cooker, big and small hot plate, a big deep fryer, sink, tables, chairs, etc, will all be required (apart from the Chester cooker, all other machinery will be purchase as new) to make sure that the restaurant is in an excellent condition to prepare and serve all customers alike. Most importantly more items will be purchased during the winter months as demand is expected to increase during this period. SECTION 5 Resource requirements: Both financial and physical resources will play a major part in how the business unfolds right from its opening. Financial resources: the lease purchase will be 70,000 and will last for 25 years, redecoration of the place will cost approximately 6,000, fixtures and fittings will cost 15,000. Thereby in total it will cost 91,000 to finance the business. Labour costs with regard to redecoration, fixtures and fittings, and already included in the rounded figures of 6,000 and 15,000, in which the payments will be deducted from both, and if it needs be there is an extra 2,000 set aside for unforeseen costs. This can be used to settle any labour costs that might arise. In addition, it is expected that three labourers and a painter will be required to carryout this job from start to finish, in which a wage salary of 8 an hour is deemed as the average salary cap for labourers. For the painter the wage salary has been negotiated as 7 an hour as there job requirement is less strenuous as compared to the labourers. In the initial stage about 50,000 will be required as start-up capital and it will cost about 100,000 working capital to fund the day-to-day operations of the firm per annum. Physical resources: This will include all the physical items required to make the restaurant excellent. The equipment required will include a big hotplate (1,000), a small hotplate (400). A Chester cooker (1,000) Rods for nan kebab, sheek kebab, tandoori chicken, and lamb kebab (600) Cooking Utensils (2,000) Cooler freezer (5,000) Fryer (500) Stainless Steel Table (500) Sink (500) Dishes, Plates and Cutleries (10,000) Tables and Chairs (100 and 80 each) Heat/Light/Power (1,600) All the items mentioned above apart from the tables and chairs will be purchased from Kelkoo. They are one of the leading manufacturers in Kitchen equipment and machinery. In addition three vehicles will be used to carry out the operations of the business, two costing, 8,000 each and the third (delivery van) will cost 9,000. Two of the vehicles will be used for take away deliveries, and the other vehicle will be used as a stock delivery van. As the business expands, freelance drivers will be employed to expand our delivery service. There will be three co-partners in the business, in which I will be the majority stake holder and assume the role of general manager; the other two will take the roles of managers at different intervals of the month. There will be seven staff members. Two kitchen chefs, one kitchen porter, two waiter/waitresses, and two bar staff. They will be recruited through job recruitment agencies such as job centre plus, catering recruitment centres and also the vacancies will be placed in national newspapers such as metro and the evening standard. It will cost nothing to place a job description in job centre plus and the metro newspaper, however for the catering recruitment agencies, it will cost 20, and the evening standard 10, all monthly. There will be a pre-requisite to hire staff members who have some previous experience in preparing Indian food. However, the head chef and the head bar manager will be one who has all the experience in preparing Indian food and taking care of the bar. The other staff members such as the second chef and the other bar staff will not have to have any experience, but must be willing to show signs of wanting to learn. They will be trained by both the head chef and the head bar manager. The training will cost nothing, in which the time estimate to setup the business, right from the very start to its complete look, will take 3 months. SECTION 6 Financial Analysis and Planning: Sources of finance 80,000 of the stakeholders funds which includes funds from the majority stakeholder and the other stakeholders (36,000) will be used to finance the business. In addition to cover the remaining capital required to fund the business. A bank loan of 55,000 will be negotiated on the discounted rate interest of 0.10% which is below the Bank of Scotland Base Rate, in which an overdraft facility of 25,000 will also be negotiated with the Halifax bank. Apart from the Chester cook (will be bought second hand), all other equipment and machinery will be bought so as to establish a new presence feel for the new business in which it is expected to grow in customer size from its initial opening. Trade credit from potential suppliers such as Rajtha food suppliers, Wembley, will be negotiated in order to establish what is required and the timing of monthly deliveries to the restaurant. This is highly necessary so that the cuisine does not run short of needed supplies when required. This will all be negotiated with the suppliers. Budgets A capital budget of 142,300 will be required at the initial stage and then that figure is expected to drop after the restaurant has been opened. In addition, depending on the time of the year (seasonal demand), a sales budget of 10,000 monthly is required. The purchase budget will be 52,300, and the overheads budget will be 10,995. The capital budget figure was calculated as a sum of the lease purchase (70,000), redecoration of the place (6,000), fixtures and fittings (15,000), the physical resources mentioned (26,300), and the vehicles required to carry out the operations of the business (25,000). The sales budget figure was arrived on the suggestion that we believe that on average per month the business will be able to generate sales of 10,000 as mentioned previously, in which at the end of the first year a general sales figure of 318,425. The purchase budget is the sum of all the physical resources mentioned (27,300), and the vehicles mentioned (25,000). The overheads budget was calculated as the sum of wages/salaries monthly (6,220), advertising monthly (30), insurance monthly (545), telephone monthly (1,000), stationery including leaflets to promote the business as when needed (1,200) and any unforeseen costs (2,000) that may arise. Cash Flow Statement: Please see Excel sheet (107192(1).rtf) for the Cash flow forecast for Star of India. From the table of the cash flow forecast for The Star of Indias cash flow, it shows a positive cash flow forecast exists in both the opening and closing balance, per annum. This occurs because one has added the capital introduced and grants/loans of 142,300 and carried it into the following year, which is then subtracted from the payments. Break Even Forecasts: Forecast profit and loss account Business: The Star of India Restaurant Period: Year to Apr. 2007 Sales: 0 318425 (A) Less direct (var.)costs: Redecorating and Fittings 21,000 Physical Resources 26,300 Direct wages Total direct (var.) costs: 47,300 Gross profit / contribution: 271,125 (B) Fixed costs (overheads): Wages/salaries 68,420 Lease Purchase 70,000 Heat/light/power 1,600 Advertising 90 Insurance 5,995 Stationary/Postage 4,800 Telephone 11,000 Lease Purchase 70,000 Unforeseen costs 2,000 Depreciate 16,000 Sundry and Prof. fees 500 Total fixed costs: 250,405 Net profit 20,720 Less drawings or dividends 5,000 Profit retained in the business 15,720 Break-even point = (C) (A) (B) That gives approximately, 250,000 320,000 = 296,296 units 270,000 The breakeven analysis is 296,296 units. The number of items that is believed to be profitable will be the Star of India, appetisers, breads, rice delicacies, biryani, special dishes, and Indian desserts, in which it is expected that the customers expected to try this new cuisine will mainly be office workers, a handful of tourists, and local families in the 4 mile area of Earls Court. Is the Business profitable? The business has been geared towards being profitable by having enough funds to make it work and remain profitable. This is the reason the 15,720 in its first year of opening. After which the costs associated with running the business decreases. The following is the projected balance sheet for The star of India: Projected Balance Sheet for The star of India restaurant. Assets Current Assets 2007 () Cash 36,250 Inventory 9,000 Other Current Assets 70,000 Total Current Assets 115,250 Long-term Assets Long-term Assets 186,105 Accumulated Depreciation 16,000 Total Long-term Assets 170,105 Total Assets 285,355 Capital 142,300 Current Liabilities Accounts Payable 186,105 Current Borrowing 55,000 Other Current Liabilities 0 Subtotal Current Liabilities 241,105 Long-term Liabilities 0 Total Liabilities 241,105 Paid-in Capital 318,425 Retained Earnings 104,500 Earnings 64,150 Total Capital 487,075 Total Liabilities and Capital 285,355 Net Worth 487,075 All figures are derived from the cash-flow forecast (attached xls sheet) and the forecasted profit and loss account from the abovementioned tables. In general, due to the high cash stockpile to invest and finance the business, the figures proof that the cuisine will be profitable. SECTION 7 Viability of the Business plan: The positive figures show that the business will be successful. It is a very good idea in-terms of an investment potential in an international location which is the city of London. In relation to the massive increase of personal disposable incomes in a wide scale, there is a growing demand for this type of cuisine, particularly in the cold winters. In every major city in the United Kingdom, there is an Indian cuisine which is well established, but the city of London is a diverse place with so many people from around the globe, and so the investment into this type of business is deemed to be profitable. There will be competition with regards to other types of foods in restaurants in the Earls court area of London, i.e., Masala Zone (Indian), Nandos (Portuguese), Chinese (Oriental), and Zizzis (Italian), however, Indian has sporadically become one of the most trendiest, and fashion and healthy eateries in the United Kingdom in the past 6 years and it is growing. Customers will come into the The Star of Indian, because there is not as much a wider variety of Indian cuisine (only, Masala Zone). The variety on the price list for items will attract customers into the business and have a good meal and remain customers, whereby other competitors will loose customers to us. The business plan for The Star of India will start at a steady pace of increasing market share in the Earls court area of London for the four months of operations. The market share will increase during the winter months. The business plan is financially viable, particularly if the stakeholders put forward a huge sum of 80,000. This will enable the business to start-of with no financial worries. In addition, the bank loan of 55,000 will also make the business idea worthwhile. The financial forecast are 75% based on realistic figures. In addition, the breakeven chart below shows that 296,296 units of the items listed on the price list must be sold before the firm will begin to realize a profit. The Breakeven Chart. (000s) Total revenue The Profit region 400 Total Cost The Breakeven Point Margin of 300 safety Variable Cost 250 Fixed Cost 0 Thousands 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 296,296 units The breakeven chart shows that the business is viable, particularly after the first year of business. In addition one is likely to breakeven. This is shown on the cash flow sheet, in which at the end of the year the closing balance is 64,150 profit. The profit and loss statement shows that this business plan is viable. This is proved by the retained which is 15,720. The retain profit is enough to keep the business afloat for at least another year. The return on capital employed is = EBIT (earnings before interest and tax) 100. Long-term capital = 20,750 100 197,300 = 10.51% This shows that the business is bound to make a 10.51% rate of profit in its first year of business. The gross profit margin = 132,320 100 318,425 = 41.55%. This shows that the business will increase its gross profit by 41.55% in its first year of operations. The net profit margin = 20,750 100 318,425 = 6.5% This shows that the net profit margin will increase by 6.5% in its first year of operations. Since there are only four stakeholders, the ability to reward them and the repayment of the bank loan can be deemed as possible. One could pay out dividends to the three stakeholders to the sum of 2,400 (each) in the first year of business, from the retained profit of 15,720. The remainder of the retained profit 8,646, will go to the majority stakeholder who has a 55% stake in the business as mentioned previously. In addition, alternative financial requirements are not necessary because since the business is one starting from scratch it is deemed that the cash pile will play an important role in its first year of operations. The capital introduced of 142,300 and the bank loan of 55,000, enables the business not to need anymore capital. If any extra capital is needed for unforeseen circumstances, the bank overdraft will prove well needed and also there is a 2,000 amount set aside in addition to this. The suppliers are the best in the country with regard to the competitive price list of items required for the food service we hope to achieve at The Star of India. The overheads budget is very reasonable considering the business is one that is to be started from scratch, rather than buying it off from someone else. The sales figure of an average per month of 10,000 is moderate considering we will only be in the first year of business. This is believed to increase in the second and third year of opening, as the business becomes established and more known to the general public and customers in the Earls court area of central London. In retrospect, in the first year of business, it will be advisable to start-off with low prices on loss leader items, such as the Appetisers and special dishes which comes with rice already, so as to attract customers in the Earls court area. After which only after we have established the business (possibly in the third year of operations), possibly increases in the price of delicacies could be carried out. There will be no need to market the business in a different way. It will be worthwhile to ascertain how the business does in its first year of operations after which, at the end of the first year a review can be carried as to what needs to be done if the business is making a profit or not. However, with the huge cash stock pile introduced into the business, the Star of India is bound to make a profit, hence no need to market the business in a different way. SECTION 8 The approach taking is that the business plan writer is one of the stakeholders, for the simple fact that, why will one want to do a business plan if they are not keen and interested in opening a business. There are three other stakeholders, all having a stake in the business. Three is an excellent number because for a restaurant business it needs only a handful of investors and not a large shareholder number. The approach taken to write up the business plan is on the grounds that the majority stakeholder has 100,000 to invest in a restaurant business, with the other stakeholders seeing it as an excellent business opportunity into a market that has potential in the Earls court area of London. That is why the business is forecasted as profitable at the end of its first year of operations. In addition, the bank loan (55,000) and overdraft facility (25,000), will enable the business to stay afloat throughout its first year of opening, in which in the second year its sales is forecasted to increase with popularity and presence in the Earls court area. This will exponentially increase in the third year of opening. The remaining figures used have been gathered from the Halifax, copies of price list items for suppliers were gathered from an already established Indian restaurant in the Earls Court area of London and the price of items for foods, were gathered from a range of well known and established Indian restaurant both in the greater London area of Hertfordshire and central London. Hence, the approach taking to construct this business plan can be deemed as highly realistic. In section 1, one has decided to go for a wider range of cuisine items, because having visited the Earls court are and looked at the menus of potential competitors, it was identified that, variety was non-existent on the menus looked at. Only the Chinese and oriental restaurants had a wider food range. This is why the sales figure is forecasted to be in excess of 100,000. There are no disadvantaged with the abovementioned as this has been thoroughly investigated. In section2, the primary data was collated from real wholesale / retail prices. This is used so as to try and a get a realistic conclusion to ones findings. The decision to include and show potential competitor strengthens and weaknesses can be stated as appropriate. This will enable one to identify the exact type of competition they are bound to face n the restaurant business of the Earls court area of central London. The decision to use the Halifax for the information on bank loans is based on the finding that the Halifax bank offered the best rates compared with other major banks in the UK, when it comes to obtaining a bank loan. In addition, because the Earls court area of London is located in an above average earning gap, it is believed, in time the business will grow and surpass its competitors in the area. There are no disadvantages one could identify. In section 3, the marketing plan approach of products/service, price, place and promotion, have been carefully assessed and gathered. Obviously, the service we are providing is first class. I.e. a waiter/waitress is on hand to attend to customer queries, and the use of fresh farm produce in preparing all the items on its food menu. However, it is believed, the use of penetration pricing, promotional and price discrimination is highly required. This is because the use of any of these strategies will enable us to gain market share. The promotions of 10% discount on orders over 15 and a free meal on orders over 20 is needed so as to gain more customers, and hence increase market share. Since this has been carefully orchestrated, researched and investigated upon, the disadvantages are minimal. In section 4, the approach for the production process is based on a real observation of an established Indian restaurant in the London area that was identified as being busy with a lot of customers. This was observed over a four day period between 8pm and 10pm. Hence cooking minutes is suggested on average as being between 10 15 minutes, in which appetizers will take 5 10 minutes to present to hungry customers. The summation of 10,000 is also based on the observation that with a standard approach as seen and mentioned with regards to the observation in other Indian restaurants, it is believed the business could potentially earn on average monthly 10,000. There are minimal disadvantages to the approach used. In section 5, the financial resources and physical resources are based on realistic findings. The figures were collated through interviews with managers in four Indian restaurants in the London area, including Earls court. Therefore, the approach can be said to be as near realistic as it can be. The disadvantages with regard to the accuracy of the figures are minimal. In section6, the approach taken is based on the stakeholders, who have a combined capital introduction of 80,000 to invest into the The Star of India restaurant. Hence, it can be deemed that they are quite well off in the first place. The bank loan is based on a realistic figure from the bank of Scotland (Halifax). Interest payments on the loan are not repayable until after the first year of operations. Contrary to the above mentioned a manager in one of the leading established Indian restaurant was interviewed, in which it was mentioned that the Chester cook from the physical resources required, is one that comes second-hand in all established Indian restaurants in the UK. The capital budget approach is based on real and hypothetical figures. However, it was identified that if this business was going to be successful, a huge initial capital introduction was required. Hence the approach of having well off stakeholders (80,000) is tabled. This is the main reason why the business remains profitable at the end of its first year of operations. The disadvantages are that the sales figures could prove too optimistic, hence its a question of making sure that the business plan is constantly reviewed so that the sales target could be met, and also to be able to foresee any losses when there is a lack of customers. In section 7, the viability of the business is deemed to be a highly successful one. This is shown by the positive figures in the break-even chart analysis of the return on capital employed and the net profit. The approach taken is based on the findings of what was observed and collated in the Earls court area of London. Its competitors such as Nandos and the Chinese restaurants are very strong, because they have been established in the Earls court area for sometime, hence it might prove difficult in the short-term to pull-in new customers and to retain them. I.e. increase market share. As mentioned previously, the disadvantages with regards to this approach relates to the figures generated. The figures calculated might prove too optimistic. Thereby a constant review of the viability of the business plan might prove advantageous. BIBLIOGRAPHY Burns, P., (2001), Entrepreneurship and small business, Palgrave. Pike, R., and Neale, B., Corporate finance and investment, 4th edition, Prentice Hall, FT. Kotler, Wong, Saunders, and Armstrong, (2005), The principles of marketing, Pearson, Prentice Hall. Various observations and conversations were held with managers of restaurants in the Earls court area, central London.